Wüstenschiff

Der Erreger der Tuberkulose übersteht Antibiotikatherapien und die Angriffe des Immunsystems, indem er sich im Inneren von Zellen versteckt und dort, ohne sich zu vermehren, sehr lange überdauert. In welchen Zellen Mycobacterium tuberculosis allerdings Schutz sucht, war bisher unbekannt. Ein Team um Bikul Das von der Stanford University präsentiert jetzt gute Argumente dafür, diese Nische endlich gefunden zu haben. Ihrer Meinung nach überwintern die Tuberkulosebakterien während der Latenzphase in Knochenmarkstammzellen: Sie konnten den Erreger sowohl bei infizierten Mäusen als auch bei zuvor mit Antibiotika behandelten Versuchspersonen in diesem Gewebetyp nachweisen ...

TBC versteckt sich im Knochenmark
31.01.2013 - spektrum

Gruß
Birgitt

Nun- die Eigenschaft, sich in Zellen zu verstecken haben sehr viele Erreger.
(Chlamydien, Syphilis, Borellien etc.pp.)
Das Problem ist in erster Linie in der Untersuchung und der Behandlung zu suchen IMHO.
a) Untersuchung: althergebrachte Tests (IGG IGM Blutbild Erreger/ Antikörpernachweis Bebrütung etc. pp.) sind meist alle negativ, TROTZ eines hochgradigen Befalls.
(Das ist der Grund für viele "Hypochonder" in der Psychiatrie)
einzig der LTT (lymphozytentransfertest) sowie der TNalfa helfen bei der Eingrenzung der Erreger sowie beim Nachweis eines entzündlichen Prozesses im Körper.
Weiterhin müssen die RICHTIGEN Antibiotika AUSREICHEND lang genommen werden- bis zu 1,5 Jahren in stetem Wechsel.

Dies, da man den Zeitpunkt des Ausbruchs aus der Zelle (also den Zeitpunkt der Infektion) einzig bei der Syphillis sicher vorhersagen kann- daher reicht bei dieser auch eine 1 Wochenbehandlung. Bei allen anderen ist der Zyklus unbekannt, und daher muss das AB quasi schon vor der Tür stehen.
Bei einem befall jenseits der BH Schranke, wird das ganze noch mal komplizierter.

Dies nur, weil oft fälschlicherweise eine Resistenz angenommen wird obwohl nur eine ungenügende und falsche Behandlung dahinter steckt.

Leider werden LTT aund TNalfa ls "Alternativmedizin" verschrieen und nicht bezahlt.
In der Hand erfahrener Neurologen mit Zusatzausbildung Pharmakologe , können diese aber Heilung bringen, auch in "aussichtslosen Fällen"

Dies ist als Erfahrungsbericht zu werten, nicht als ärztl. Rat.

IRIN hat geschrieben:
TB vaccine trial disappoints
05.02.2013 - IRIN

JOHANNESBURG - The first tuberculosis (TB) vaccine to be tested for efficacy in infants in more than 40 years has proved ineffective as a TB booster shot, but it may have laid the groundwork for the next phase in TB vaccine research.

The world has relied on the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine against TB for over 90 years, despite recent controversy over its efficacy. In clinical trials, effectiveness estimates have ranged from 80 percent protection to none at all; the reasons for these differences are not yet understood. [ http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/2/177.full ]

Researchers from the South Africa TB Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Oxford University and Aeras, a non-profit organization working on TB vaccines, were hoping a recent trial in South Africa's Western Cape Province would change all that. They tested a new TB vaccine booster, known as MVA85A, in almost 2,800 BCG-vaccinated infants between the ages of four and six months.

While the two-year trial confirmed the vaccine was safe for use in infants, MVA85A was shown to be ineffective, meaning that it provided no additional protection to the babies who received it, according to results published online in The Lancet on 4 February.
[ http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lance ... 4/abstract ]

May still hold promise

While dozens of TB vaccine candidates are in the pipeline, MVA85A was the furthest along in clinical trials, having been previously tested in adults, according to Ann Ginsberg, vice president of scientific affairs and acting chief medical officer for Aeras, which provided funding for the trial. In the adult trials, MVA85A showed positive results in protecting participants from TB.

While the vaccine was unsuccessful in HIV-negative babies, it may still hold some promise for other populations, according to Oxford University's Helen McShane, who added that researchers are still unsure why the trial failed.

The vaccine continues to be tested in HIV-positive adults and may be tested as a possible substitute for the BCG vaccine in HIV-positive babies. Made from a weakened strain of bovine TB, BCG cannot be given to babies living with HIV; the infants' weakened immune systems make them susceptible to blood infections following BCG-vaccination.

"I have been working on TB for 15 years, and I am not going to stop now," said McShane, who originally developed the vaccine. "The need for a new TB vaccine is more urgent than ever, and it's crucial we maintain the momentum and keep the field moving forward."

TB kills 1.4 million people a year globally, according to the World Health Organisation.

Study dispels myths, feeds future research

While McShane admitted the results from the MVA85A trial were disappointing, she and others involved stressed the trial had served to dispel myths about vaccine research, provide new data and pave the way for future studies.

"Ten years ago it wasn't clear that this kind of study could be done," McShane told IRIN. "This study represents a huge step forward. It's important to understand that only by doing trials like this can we find out what does and doesn't work."

The field of TB vaccine research has been complicated by the fact that scientists still aren't sure why, with so many contracting a latent form of the disease, only 10 percent of patients will develop active TB. McShane added that scientists don't know whether an intervention that protects against latent infection will also protect against active TB.

Because some babies in the South African trial were followed for as long as three years, McShane said the study offers valuable, previously unavailable data. This has already provided researchers with some clues about how to improve future trials involving MVA85A by, for instance, doubling doses, coupling it with another TB vaccine candidate, or working on delivery mechanisms that could introduce the vaccine directly into patients' lungs, where BCG's protective effect is weakest.

SATVI director Willem Hanekom added that, while the study failed to deliver positive results, it had helped develop lasting infrastructure and expertise in one of the world's worst-affected countries; in South Africa, one in 20 people will die from the disease.

"It's important to understand that these kinds of trials can only be done in areas with very high incidence, otherwise we can't reach the end points necessary to see if vaccines work," he told IRIN. "We know that the communities we work with could potentially benefit from this."

South Africa is currently home to 1,544 clinical trials, 37 of which are related to TB, according to the South African National Clinical Trials Registrar. SATVI itself has conducted 15 TB vaccine trials.

Quelle: IRIN

Gruß
Birgitt

TUBERCULOSIS - INDIA: (MAHARASHTRA), XDR
****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org


[1] Date: Sat 23 Mar 2013
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... -pune-city


Two cases of the dreaded extreme [extensively] drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), the world's most untreatable form of TB, have been detected in Pune district for the 1st time ever. While one patient is from the "peth" areas in Pune, the other is from Yamunanagar in Pimpri Chinchwad.

"These are the only 2 XDR-TB patients so far in Pune district, though as many as 46 similar cases have been detected in other places in the state in the last 2 years," S P Sabnis, joint director (TB), state public health department, told TOI on Friday [22 Mar 2013]. Of these 46 cases, Mumbai alone accounted for 42 cases.

Pune district has been continuously seeing cases of MDR-TB, with as many as 308 cases having been registered in Pune city, Pimpri Chinchwad and the rural areas.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
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******
[2] Date: Fri 22 Mar 2013
Source: Deccan Herald [edited]
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/320 ... lobal.html


India has 1/5th of the world's drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. TB has emerged as one of the most serious public health threats. With an estimated number of 66 000 multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases in 2011, India tops the chart in South-East Asia. The actual number of MDR-TB cases, which are extremely difficult to treat, could range from 55 000 to 77 000, though the overall prevalence is just above 2 per cent.

The South-East Asia region harbours 89 000 estimated MDR-TB cases (72 000-108 000) accounting for more than 1/4th of the world's estimated MDR-TB cases in 2011. India ranks 2nd after China," says the World Health Organisation's latest report. India is miles ahead of others in the region. The 2 worst figures after India come from Indonesia (6620) and Myanmar (5500). "We are not tackling MDR cases with seriousness, which is a mistake. Treating each MDR cases is 100 times more expensive than a regular TB case. The government needs to find MDR cases and treat them as quickly as possible," R Lakshminarayan, vice president (research) in the Public Health Foundation of India, who is not associated with the WHO report, told Deccan Herald.

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) has been reported from 5 countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal and Thailand) in the region. In December 2011, so called cases of "totally drug-resistant TB" that posed a big challenge to clinicians and public health authorities were reported in Mumbai.

As per the WHO estimates, prevalence and incidence rates of all forms of tuberculosis in India were respectively 249 and 181 per 100 000 population in 2011. As many as 24 persons (range is from a low of 15 to a high of 35) per 100 000 are killed by the bug. The spread and virulence of tuberculosis, particularly the resistant variety, compelled the central government to make TB a notifiable disease, which ensures reporting of TB cases from the private sector to the government programme and compulsory treatment. Patients jumping from one private doctor to another without completing the drug regimen contribute to a sharp increase in resistant TB cases.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
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[ProMED has previously posted reports on the problem India is having with MDR and XDR TB. MDR or multidrug-resistant TB refers to tuberculosis that is caused by a strain of _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin, 2 of the most effective drugs used to treat TB. XDR or extensively drug-resistant TB refers to tuberculosis caused by a subgroup of MDR-TB strains that are additionally resistant to any of the fluoroquinolone class of drugs (e.g., levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, or gatifloxacin) and any of the 3 injectable drugs used to treat tuberculosis (capreomycin, kanamycin and amikacin).

1st line anti-TB drugs are: INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin; and 2nd line drugs are: amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, cycloserine, and para-aminosalicylic acid (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971391). 3rd-line drugs include the macrolides (such as clarithromycin), clofazimine, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, linezolid, imipenem, high-dose isoniazid, and several new investigational drugs.

Referring to certain MDR strains from India as TDR-TB or totally drug resistant is problematic for several reasons. In January 2012, the WHO attempted to clarify the situation as follows (http://www.who.int/tb/challenges/mdr/td ... index.html):

"The term "totally drug resistant" has not been clearly defined for tuberculosis. While the concept of "total drug resistance" is easily understood in general terms, in practice, in vitro drug susceptibility testing (DST) is technically challenging, and limitations on the use of results remain: conventional DST for the drugs that define MDR and XDR-TB has been thoroughly studied and consensus reached on appropriate methods, critical drug concentrations that define resistance, and reliability and reproducibility of testing. Data on the reproducibility and reliability of DST for the remaining SLDs [2nd-line drugs] are either much more limited or have not been established, or the methodology for testing does not exist.

"Most importantly, correlation of DST results with clinical response to treatment has not yet been adequately established. Thus, a strain of TB with in vitro DST results showing resistance could in fact, in the patient, be susceptible to these drugs. The prognostic relevance of in vitro resistance to drugs without an internationally accepted and standardised drug susceptibility test, therefore, remains unclear, and current WHO recommendations advise against the use of these results to guide treatment.

"Lastly, new drugs are under development, and their effectiveness against these "totally drug resistant" strains has not yet been reported.

"For these reasons, the term "totally drug resistant" tuberculosis is not yet recognised by the WHO. For now these cases are defined as extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), according to WHO definitions."

The number of XDR TB cases in India is likely unknown because anti-TB drug susceptibility tests are not being systematically performed for a variety of reasons (http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage ... t?page=0,2): In 2010, only 5 percent of patients who needed drug susceptibility testing were screened, and only 2 percent of the estimated 99 000 patients with MDR-TB received 2nd-line drug treatment through the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).

In a letter to the editor in the journal "Clinical Infectious Diseases" (http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/e ... ir889.full), the authors say that patients, rather than seeking care in TB clinics where there is free treatment and drugs available under RNTCP, frequently seek help from private physicians who often mismanage their care: "A study that we conducted in Mumbai showed that only 5 of 106 private practitioners practicing in a crowded area called Dharavi [Dharavi, located in Mumbai, is one of the largest slums in the world] could prescribe a correct prescription for a hypothetical patient with MDR tuberculosis. The majority of prescriptions were inappropriate and would only have served to further amplify resistance, converting MDR tuberculosis to XDR tuberculosis and TDR tuberculosis."

Pune District in Maharashtra state of India had a population of 9 426 959 in 2011, making it the 4th most populous district in India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune_district) and Pune city, the district headquarters, with a population of 3 115 431 in 2011, is the 9th largest metropolis in India, the 2nd largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune). Pune is 220 km (136.7 miles) southeast of Mumbai (http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/pocketm ... aipune.htm), where reports of problems with XDR TB were previously posted by ProMED-mail. Pimpri-Chinchwad, with population of 1 729 320, is a city in Pune district, located to the North-West of Pune on the Old Pune-Mumbai Highway. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpri-Chinchwad). "Peth" is a term (from the Marathi language) for areas located within Pune City.

A map of the states of India can be accessed at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ ... ourism.gif. The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1mm2. - Mod.ML]

TUBERCULOSIS - INDIA (02): MDR
******************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Thu 9 May 2013
Source: The Indian Express [edited]
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/drugr ... h/1113345/


One person dies of tuberculosis every minute in India. The problem is equally severe in Chandigarh and adjoining areas, where the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is as high as 9 percent, according to research conducted by the doctors of PGIMER [Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, a medical and research institution located in Chandigarh, India].

The study was conducted by Dr Sunil Sethi, Department of Medical Microbiology, and Dr Dheeraj Gupta, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, to access the prevalence of MDR-TB. Sputum and blood specimens were obtained from 2100 patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis.

It was found that the prevalence of MDR-TB was very high in newly diagnosed cases, that is, 9 percent, as compared to WHO reported figures, which are 3-5 percent. However, in previously treated patients, the prevalence was even higher, that is 27 percent, as these patients stop taking drugs in between [during a course of treatment] and bacteria become resistant to available drugs.

Overall, MDR-TB was observed in 17 percent of cases, and of all TB patients, 20 percent were found to be HIV positive.

Dr Sunil Sethi said, "MDR-TB is a serious threat to the national TB control programmes, and the situation worsens due to the HIV pandemic in the country. About 80 percent of HIV positive people develop TB, which is infectious and spreads from person to person."

He added: "If a person is diagnosed with MDR-TB, he/she has to be treated with 10 drugs per day for at least 2 years, and the chances of a cure are less, and the cost of medicine is one lakh [a lakh is a unit in the South Asian numbering system equal to 100 000, so INR 100 000 or USD 1825.00]. Tuberculosis, which was curable earlier, will soon become untreatable. MDR-TB continues to increase, and proper interventions are not taken."

It is very important not to stop the treatment in between, and patients can get free treatments at DOTS [directly observed treatment, short-course] centres located in different parts of the country.

The main reason for the increase in numbers of MDR-TB cases is that it is very difficult to diagnose, as all laboratories in India do not have culture facilities, and in those that do have them, it takes 3-4 months to diagnose it.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
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[The news report above says that 20 percent of all TB patients in Chandigarh, India were found to be HIV positive. For comparison, in the USA in 2011, among 8683 people with newly diagnosed TB who knew their HIV status, out of a total of 10 528 with newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB), 6 percent were co-infected with HIV. Without treatment, TB and HIV infection increase the severity of each other. Worldwide, TB is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV. In the USA in 2006, although 12 percent of TB patients were co-infected with HIV, co-infection occurred in 32 percent of those who died during treatment for TB, and co-infection occurred in 51 percent of those who received a TB diagnosis postmortem (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/hivtb.htm).

The WHO (1,2) has reported that TB drug resistance data are available for 2/3rds of all countries in the world. The proportion of cases reported from 80 countries and 8 territories as showing resistance to at least the 2 most effective drugs used to treat TB, rifampin and isoniazid, (that is, that have MDR-TB) ranged from 0 to 28.9 percent in newly diagnosed TB (that is, primary drug resistance) and 0 to 65 percent in previously treated TB. High rates of drug resistance were reported in Belarus, Estonia, the Russian Federation, and Tajikistan.

However, national representative data are lacking in many large countries with high TB burdens, including India and several African countries. Routine drug susceptibility testing of all confirmed TB cases should be the goal, but there are very few laboratories to diagnose MDR-TB in developing countries, and only 34 countries and settings have a system in place to routinely test all patients with MDR-TB for 2nd-line anti-TB drug resistance. Lack of laboratory facilities capable of performing TB culture and drug-susceptibility testing prevents an effective response to early and appropriate case detection and treatment of MDR-TB. Conventional solid culture, which is currently the most common method used to detect drug resistance in developing countries, may take 2-3 months to produce results. During this time, patients may be inappropriately treated; drug resistant strains may continue to spread to close contacts, and amplification of drug resistance may occur. New molecular assays on DNA from _M. tuberculosis_ isolates or directly from smear-positive clinical specimens can dramatically speed the detection of members of the _M. tuberculosis_ complex while simultaneously identifying drug-resistant strains in less than one day.

WHO reported that national data are lacking on the frequency of MDR-TB among newly or previously treated patents and the frequency of XDR-TB among MDR-TB cases in many large countries, including India (figure 1, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-092585.pdf). India and the Russian Federation -- the 2 large countries that, with China, contribute to more than 50 per cent of the estimated global burden of MDR-TB -- have only produced reliable sub-national level data to date. A survey in 2006 in the Indian state of Gujarat found that 3.2 per cent of 216 MDR isolates tested were XDR (table 2, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/ ... le-T2.html).

The largest country that conducted a nationwide survey in the reporting period (2007-2010) was China, which conducted its 1st nationwide survey in 2007. The survey, which confirmed previously published estimates, based on extrapolation from sub-national level data, found 5.7 percent of new TB cases and 25.6 percent of previously treated cases have MDR-TB (1). The news report above says that 9 percent of newly diagnosed TB and 27 percent of previously treated cases have MDR-TB in Chandigarh, India. For comparison, the corresponding percentages for the USA are 1.1 and 4.4, respectively (1).

References
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1. Zignol M, van Gemert W, Falzon D, et al: Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world: an updated analysis, 2007-2010. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 111-9D. Available at http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-092585.pdf.
2. Matteelli A, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Migliori GB: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis today. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 78. Available at http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-097360.pdf.

Chandigarh is city and union (federal) territory, with a population of almost one million residents (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh). It is the capital city of 2 Indian states, Punjab and Haryana. The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India is available at http://healthmap.org/r/02v_. - Mod.ML]

Mit 8,6 Millionen Erkrankten, davon eine halbe Million Kinder, und 1,3 Millionen Todesfällen im Jahr 2012 steht Tuberkulose an Platz 2 der tödlichen Einzelinfektionskrankheiten – nach HIV. Weltweit gehen die Zahlen zwar zurück, weshalb die Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO darauf hofft, das Millenniumsziel einhalten zu können: die Ausbreitung der Krankheit bis 2015 zu stoppen. Doch die Abnahme verlangsamt sich, während die Zahl von Infektionen mit multiresistenten Erregern steigt. Deren Therapie, sofern sie überhaupt erkannt werden, ist jedoch deutlich teurer und aufwändiger sowie mit stärkeren Nebenwirkungen verbunden. Eine Studie, die auf Basis von Modellrechnungen die Zahl der Kinder mit Tuberkulose schätzt, kommt sogar auf noch höhere Zahlen: Ihr zufolge sind knapp eine Million Kinder erkrankt, über 30 000 davon leiden an einer multiresistenten Form, erklären Forscher um Mercedes Becerra von der Harvard Medical School ...

Multiresistente Tuberkulose auf dem Vormarsch
24.03.2014 - spektrum

Gruß
Birgitt

Wissenschaftler haben einen neuen multiresistenten Tuberkulose-Erreger in Europa entdeckt, der ursprünglich aus Somalia stammt ...

Eine bisher unbekannte Version eines solchen multiresistenten Keims haben Wissenschaftler nun bei Asylbewerbern identifiziert, die aus Ländern am Horn von Afrika nach Europa gekommen sind. Erstmals entdeckt wurde er in der Schweiz: "Der Erreger wies eine neuartige Kombination von Resistenzen gegen vier verschiedene Antibiotika auf, die noch nie beschrieben worden war", berichtet Peter Keller vom Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Mykobakterien der Universität Zürich.[...] Die weitere Verbreitung des Keims innerhalb von Europa konnte den Wissenschaftlern zufolge bislang erfolgreich verhindert werden. "Der außerordentliche Fall hat zum Aufbau einer europäischen Warnorganisation für gefährliche Tuberkuloseerreger geführt", berichtet Keller. Weil sein genetischer Bauplan bekannt ist, ist inzwischen zudem ein Schnelltest für den Erreger verfügbar. Damit können Personen, bei denen ein Verdacht auf diesen Tuberkulosekeim besteht, innerhalb von Stunden diagnostiziert werden. Bestätigt sich die Vermutung, müssen die Betroffenen umgehend isoliert werden und eine mehrmonatige Behandlung mit sogenannten Reservemedikamenten über sich ergehen lassen.

Neuer resistenter Tuberkulose-Erreger entdeckt
09.01.2018 - scinexx


Gruß
Birgitt

Weit verbreitete Resistenzen gegen gängige Antibiotika machen die Tuberkulose heute zu einer der aggressivsten Infektionskrankheiten. Der Bakteriologe Stefan Niemann erklärt, woran das liegt - und was man dagegen tun kann ...

Multiresistente Tuberkulose - Neue Medikamente werden das Problem nicht lösen
28.08.2018 - spektrum

Gruß
Birgitt

Die Natur ins Labor geholt: Eine karibische Hornkoralle produziert einen Wirkstoff, der multiresistente Tuberkuloseerreger abtöten kann. Jetzt ist es Forschern gelungen, dieses Natur-Antibiotikum auch ohne die Koralle biotechnologisch herzustellen – mithilfe von Bakterienkulturen. Das erlaubt eine günstige Produktion des Wirkstoffs und schützt die schwindenden Korallenbestände ...

Korallen-Antibiotikum gegen resistente Keime
18.08.2020 - scinexx / TU München

Gruß
Birgitt

Jedes Jahr sterben weltweit rund 1,5 Millionen Menschen an der Tuberkulose, weit mehr als an jeder anderen ansteckenden Krankheit vor 2020. Doch der Verlust dieses Spitzenplatzes ist nur die am wenigsten greifbare Auswirkung von Sars-CoV-2 auf die Tuberkulose. Tatsächlich hat die Pandemie einen langjährigen hoffnungsvollen Trend umgekehrt und die Bekämpfung einer der schlimmsten Seuchen der Welt um Jahre zurückgeworfen. Was die Auswirkungen der Pandemie so tragisch macht, ist ein bemerkenswerter Gegensatz: Auf der einen Seite ist Tuberkulose außerordentlich tödlich. Rund die Hälfte der Erkrankten stirbt ohne Behandlung. Auf der anderen Seite müsste eigentlich niemand daran sterben, denn man kann sie gut behandeln. Dazu muss die Krankheit aber erst einmal korrekt erkannt werden ...

Warum die tödlichste Seuche der Welt so schwer zu besiegen ist
24.03.2023 - spektrum

Gruß
BIrgitt