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WEST NILE VIRUS - EUROPE (02): MACEDONIA
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Tue 23 Jul 2013
Source: Macedonia International News Agency [edited]
http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/23695/2/


A 57 year old woman, who hasn't travelled abroad, is the 1st registered case of West Nile fever in Macedonia this year [2013]. The woman is in stable condition and under necessary treatment, the Ministry of Health said in a press release on Tuesday [23 Jul 2013].

West Nile infection is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes. Most people infected with West Nile virus don't experience any signs or symptoms, or may experience only minor ones, such as fever and mild headache. However, some people who become infected with West Nile virus develop a life-threatening illness that includes inflammation of the brain.

Exposure to mosquitoes where West Nile virus exists increases people's risk of getting West Nile virus infection. Using mosquito repellent and wearing clothing that covers the skin are the best measures for reducing the risk of West Nile virus infection.

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[West Nile virus (WNV) infections have occurred sporadically in Macedonia and surrounding countries, especially Greece in recent years. There were 4 WNV human, 2 equine and 7 avian infections in 2011 in Macedonia. It would be of interest to know if there are any equine or avian cases in the area where the woman became infected this year (2013).

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map showing the location of Macedonia can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/240j. - Mod.TY]

WEST NILE VIRUS - EUROPE (03): GREECE
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Date: Fri 16 Aug 2013
Source: Greek Reporter [edited]
http://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/08 ... -reach-26/


Last week, 9 new West Nile virus [WNV infection] cases were recorded, raising the total to 26.

What mainly seems to worry experts is that cases of patients with symptoms involving the central nervous system have more than doubled, while 3 other municipalities are under quarantine by the National Blood Center due to an increased possibility of virus transmission by mosquitoes.

Regarding the patients' ages, according to KEELPNO [Hellenic Center for Disease Control & Prevention], the youngest patient is 17 years old and the oldest is 100 years old.

Of the last 9 cases, 4 of them were recorded in Attica (2 in Agia Paraskevi, one in Pallini, and another one in Vrilissia), 2 in the municipality of Nestos in Kavala and one in Chalcedon of Thessaloniki, one in Topeiros, and the last one in Abdera of Xanthi.

The good news is that out of the 26 patients, 21 of them have been discharged, while the other 5 remain hospitalized.

[byline: Nicky Mariam Onti]

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[It is becoming increasingly clear that WNV has become endemic in Greece and probably in nearby countries as well. With the transmission season now ongoing, more cases of WNV infection can be expected. It would be of interest to know whether there have been equine cases in this area as well.

A map showing the location in northern Greece where these cases have been occurring can be accessed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia. - Mod.TY

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1Gzi.]

WEST NILE VIRUS - EUROPE (04)
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Date: Wed 21 Aug 2013
Source: Vaccine News Daily [edited]
http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/medical_cou ... last-week/


The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC] reported 12 new cases of West Nile fever in the week ending on Thursday [15 Aug 2013] in the countries of the European Union.

West Nile fever is an illness caused by the mosquito-borne West Nile virus. Of the new cases, 9 occurred in Greece, with 4 cases in Attiki, 2 in Kavala, 2 in Xanthi and one in Thessaloniki. Hungary reported its 1st case in Pest county and Romania reported its 1st confirmed case in Galati county. Pest county was affected by West Nile fever in 2012, while Galati county was affected in both 2011 and 2010.

Austria reported a confirmed case of West Nile fever infection, but the case is still under investigation.

There were 44 new cases of West Nile fever reported in the week ending on Thursday [15 Aug 2013] in neighboring countries. The Russian Federation reported 26 cases. Of these cases, 10 were from areas with previous case reports: Saratov oblast with 4, Astrakhan oblast with 3 and Volgograd oblast with 3. Of the cases, 16 were from newly affected areas, including 8 in the Samarskaya oblast, 4 in the Rostovskaya oblast, 2 from the Lipetskaya oblast, one from the Voronezhskaya oblast and one from the Adygeya republic.

Serbia reported 10 new cases, including 7 cases in Grad Beograd, and one case each in the Sremski district, Podunavski district and Macva district. Israel reported 8 new cases, including 4 in the Central district, 2 in Haifa and 2 in Tel Aviv.

The ECDC's West Nile fever maps report the geographic distribution of reported human West Nile fever cases in the EU and neighboring countries. The information is meant to help authorities responsible for blood safety in areas with ongoing West Nile virus transmission to support the implementation of legislation for blood safety.

[Byline: Bryan Cohen]

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[This has been an active West Nile virus (WNV) transmission season so far this year (2013). With 2-3 months of WNV transmission remaining in most of these countries, more cases can be expected. Presumably, health authorities in the affected countries are advising citizens to avoid mosquito bites. No mention is made of equine cases in the above report, but it would not be surprising if some have occurred.

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Europe showing the locations of the countries mentioned can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1-q1. - Mod.TY]

FOODBORNE ILLNESS - SERBIA: (DANUBE)
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Date: Tue 10 Sep 2013
Source: In Serbia [edited]
http://inserbia.info/news/2013/09/serbi ... smederevo/


180 patients checked into "Sveti Luka" hospital in Smederevo yesterday [9 Sep 2013] with symptoms of food poisoning, reported RTS. 48 were admitted to the hospital. The exact cause of illness is still unknown.

The head of the children's department Dr. Slavica Andjelkovic said that their department admitted a large number of children during the night, but due to limited capacity of the hospital, those with lighter symptoms were released for home treatment. 13 children were kept for treatment in the hospital, 2 in the department for infectious diseases, she said, adding that all pediatric patients are feeling better, but stressed that, by morning, new children came with the same symptoms. However, Dr. Andjelkovic said it is expected that most of the children will be released to home treatment after receiving therapy.

Among the patients who were kept for treatment in the hospital were 2 pregnant women. Director of the hospital Dr. Goran Kuljanin said that they will most probably be released home after receiving treatment.

Most of the patients ate hamburgers in several places in the city, while a few of them ate pizza.

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[Although the post attributes the illness to "food poisoning," there is not enough information given regarding the presumed gastroenteritis and any potential links between cases to assess a common food borne pathogen. Norvovirus illness, foodborne or otherwise, could be responsible, as well as a variety of other agents.

Smederevo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederevo) is a city in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 45 km (28 miles) downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 108 209. It is the administrative center of the Podunavlje District (Danube district). - Mod.LL

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1BX*.]

WEST NILE VIRUS - BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: (SARAJEVO) CROW, HUMAN, FIRST OIE REPORT
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Date: Thu 12 Sep 2013
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2013; 26(37) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid ... rtid=14076


West Nile fever, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Information received on (and dated) 12 Sep 2013 from Dr Ljubomir Kalaba, Director, Veterinary Office, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 28 Aug 2013
Date of pre-confirmation of the event: 9 Sep 2013
Report date: 12 Sep 2013
Date submitted to OIE: 12 Sep 2013
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: sub-clinical infection
Causal agent: West Nile virus
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advanced), necropsy
This event pertains to the whole country

New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1: Sarajevo, Novi Grad Sarajevo
Date of start of the outbreak: 28 Aug 2013
Outbreak status: resolved (9 Sep 2013)
Epidemiological unit: not applicable
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed/ Slaughtered
Hooded crow: _Corvus cornix_ (Corvidae) / / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 /
Affected population: several dead crows were found in parks in urban area of Sarajevo. Some of them were already in decay, but samples were taken from 6 crows and sent to the laboratory for testing.

Outbreak statistics:
Species / Apparent morbidity rate / Apparent mortality rate / Apparent case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Hooded crow: _Corvus cornix_ (Corvidae) / **/ ** / 100 percent / ** /
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
**Not calculated because of missing information

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive

Control measures
Measures applied: disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s); no vaccination; no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: control of arthropods; control of wildlife reservoirs

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
Veterinary Faculty (Sarajevo) (national laboratory) / Hooded crow/ real-time PCR/ 9 Sept 2013 / Positive

Future reporting: The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

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[According to the information provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), for the 2013 transmission season (through 12 Sep 2013), 139 human cases of West Nile fever have been reported in the EU and another 361 cases in neighbouring countries. During the past week, 33 new cases were detected in the EU. Bosnia and Herzegovina reported its 1st case of the year (2013) from the canton of Tuzlansko-podrinjski. Additional information and maps are available at http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopi ... index.aspx

The Hungarian National Association of Radio Distress-Signaling and Info communications (RSOE) which operates the Emergency and Disaster Information Service (EDIS) reported that 'an elderly man (84) from Tuzla was admitted to hospital in Tuzla after doctors discovered he was infected by the West Nile virus.' The report also indicated that the human case was reported at a time when a number of birds were found dead around the city and when an increase in the mosquito population was being noted. Health authorities expect more human cases to be reported (http://hisz.rsoe.hu/alertmap/site/?page ... -40869-BIH).

The canton of Tuzlansko-podrinjski (Tuzla) is located about 80 km (50 mi) from the canton of Sarajevo where a case in a hooded crow was recently reported (http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com ... ulator.asp).

The WAHID disease time series analysis shows that between January 2012 to September 2013, 32 outbreaks have been reported to the OIE: 11 in Croatia, 20 in Greece 20, and one in Bosnia and Herzegovina (see via http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid ... timeseries).

The global status of WNV can be obtained from the most recent semi-annual report of the OIE at http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid ... statuslist.

A map showing the distribution of disease in domestic and/or wild species can be obtained at http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid ... ibutionmap
(Note: To view the information on West Nile virus in both WAHID links, you need to scroll down to the name of the disease).

All the technical information, including diagnostic methods, please refer to the OIE Terrestrial Manual 2013, Chapter 2.1.20 "West Nile fever" at http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/H ... T_NILE.pdf (Version adopted by the World Assembly of Delegates of the OIE in May 2013). - Mod.CRD

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/8qmM.]

Griechenland - West-Nile-Fieber
04.09.2018

In der Region Attika wurden bereits Ende Juni die ersten 3 Fälle in diesem Jahr bestätigt. Seitdem ist die Gesamtzahl landesweit auf 153 gestiegen. 17 Menschen sind verstorben. Betroffen sind auch die Regionen Mittelgriechenland, Zentralmakedonien und die Insel Kreta. 2010 wurde das Virus erstmals in Griechenland nachgewiesen, 262 Menschen erkrankten, es gab 35 Todesfälle. Seitdem kam es immer wieder zu Infektionen. Im vergangenen Jahr sind 48 Menschen erkrankt und 5 verstorben. 2015 und 2016 wurden keine Fälle registriert. Mückenschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Rumänien - West-Nile-Fieber
04.09.2018

Seit Mitte Juli wurden 117 Infektionen und 12 Todesfälle gemeldet. Das Virus wird durch Stechmücken übertragen. Mückenschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Serbien - West-Nile-Fieber
04.09.2018

Seit Anfang Juli wurden 213 Infektionen und 21 Todesfälle gemeldet, besonders betroffen sind die Stadt Belgrad und die Regionen Südliche Batschka (N) und Südbanat (NO). Mückenschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm

Gruß
Birgitt

Russland - Zecken
09.07.2019

Während der warmen Jahreszeit besteht ein Risiko für zeckenübertragene Krankheiten. FSME: Betroffen ist der gesamte eurasische Waldgürtel bis zum fernen Osten. Bei vorhersehbarer Exposition FSME-Impfung empfohlen, diese ist auch gegen die sibirische Variante des Virus wirksam. Borreliose: Mit einem Risiko ist landesweit zu rechnen. Aus dem Süden des Landes wurden in diesem Jahr bereits 79 Fälle von Krim-Kongo hämorrhagischem Fieber gemeldet. 3 Menschen sind verstorben. Expositionsprophylaxe (z.B. Repellentien, bedeckende Kleidung) und frühzeitige Zeckenentfernung sind empfehlenswert. / Quelle: crm

Gruß
Birgitt